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‘The Citadel of Their Servitude’
Tacitus on Slavery and Bondage from Agricola
© 2025 James LaFond
DEC/30/25
21: “The following winter was spent on schemes of social betterment.” Yet our best and brightest say that no social scheme exists, or can? So deep wallows our prism of delusion.
“And so the population was led into the demoralizing temptations of arcades, baths and sumptuous banquets. The unsuspecting Britons spoke of such novelties as ‘civilization,’ when in fact they were only a feature of their enslavement.” Yet to us, 2000 years later, civilization is synonymous with goodness, liberty, freedom and God. We wear blinders and call them spectacles.
22: “… you had no need to fear his silence. He thought it more honorable to hurt than to hate.”
23: Campaign notes
24: Notes on Ireland as a bastion of liberty to Britain.
25: Campaign notes on combined naval/army action.
27: “The crowning injustice of war: all claim credit for success, while defeat is laid to the account of one.”
28: A cohort of the Usipi tribe—war slaves from Germany—murdered their centurian and forced the pilots of three ships to take them to sea. Their short career of piracy resulted in cannibalism, and eventually enslavement for the remainder by rival Germans who sold some back to the Romans.
29: Mount Graupius was the site of the final battle in Caledonia. The Pictish general was Calgacus. “The Britons were undaunted by the loss of the previous battle [in which Agricola had used the 9th Legion as bait], and were ready for revenge or enslavement.”
The next three chapters are the substance of the pre-battle speech of Calgacus.
30: “We, the most distance dwellers upon earth, have been shielded by our remoteness… there are no more nations beyond us; nothing but waves and rocks, and the Romans, more deadly than these—for in them is an arrogance that no submission or good acts can escape. Pillagers of the world, they have exhausted the land by their avaricious plunder, and now they ransack the sea. [The Romans had landed behind them.] A rich enemy excites their cupidity, a poor one their lust for power. East and west alike have failed to satisfy them. They are the only people on earth to whose greed is tempted by both riches and poverty. To robbery, rape and slaughter, they give the lying name ‘government’; they create a desolation and call it peace.”
Three of the longest chapters are devoted to the speech of the British patriot. The author values the barbarian opinion of Rome above the Roman opinion. This is congruent with his disgust of Roman decadence, sloth and cruelty expressed earlier. Below we get another snatch of corruption, similar to what sparked Wat Tyler’s rebellion 1300 years later.
31: “Nature has decreed that a man should love his children and relatives above all else. These are being torn from us to fight and slave in other lands. Our wives and sisters, even if they are not raped by enemy soldiers, are seduced by men who are supposed to be our friends and guests.”
Rome had become so sissy, that Barbarians would have to be forced to fight in alien lands, as Romans were now beyond decent manhood. This military situation was continued down through history with remarkable effect, and was used by the British and American empires, who have used tribal folk soldiers like the Crow, Navaho, Apache, Sikh, Ghurka and Filipinos down to this day. The man who retains his race can fight, even for a master, long after his people have been engulfed by the civilized night.
“Our lands and money are consumed by taxation… our hands and limbs are crippled building roads through the forest and fen under the lash of our drivers… Creatures born to be slaves are sold once for all, and what is more, get their keep from their owners. We Britons are sold into slavery anew every day; we have to pay the purchase price ourselves and feed our masters in the bargain. In a private household, the latest slave is made the butt of his fellow slaves; so, in this establishment, where mankind have long been slaves, it is we, the cheap new acquisition, who are marked for doom… Our courage too, and our martial spirit are against us: masters do not like such qualities in their subjects.”
32: “… can you seriously think that those Gauls and Germans—and to our bitter shame so many Britons—are bound to Rome by affection? They may be lending their life-blood now to the foreign tyrant. But they were enemies of Rome for longer than they have been her slaves… Which will you choose—to follow your leader into battle, or to submit to taxation, labor in the mines, and the other tribulations of slavery?”
33-34: Agricola gives his speech stressing not national, or ethnic, put personal honor for the individual. The only handle he has to touch the spirit of his army of slave soldiers, mercenaries, heroically-minded officers, conscripts and cynical career soldiers, is manly excellence.
35-38 describes the battle. The Roman troops did not fight, but watched the battle, as the 8,000 barbarian foot and 3,000 aristocratic and barbarian horsemen, made easy work of the Britons, who had come late to the game of mass warfare. Some British bands ran from small numbers of veterans, other made suicide charges, in all the best men dying and the worst getting a way, the continual dysgenic winnowing of the Gaelic world. Agricola used light barbarian troops to hunt the barbarians, killing 10,000 to his 360 dead, only a handful of whom were Romans, and those officers.
“An awful silence reigned on every hand; the hills were deserted, houses smoking in the distance, and our scouts did not meet a soul.”
Such is the price paid by those who fight civilization rather than join the pillaging machine and work schemes within its devilish halls.
40: Begins the defamation of Agricola by Domition, with the use of slaves and the ultimately slavish freedmen.
41: So many spoke out in favor of Agricola, heroic victor, who left his dutiful tribal counterparts heaped in Scotland, that Domition’s undying hatred was earned.
42: Political executions begin as Agricola is insulted and defamed. “It is an instinct of human nature to hate a person you have injured.”
43: Agricola falls mysteriously ill and is surrounded by imperial physicians: “Sympathy was increased by a persistent rumor that he had been poisoned.”
44-45, gives a brief history of Agricola, and record of open political murders in which Tacitus admits agreeing to for his own safety.
46: “If there is any mansion for the spirits of the just, if, as philosophers hold, great souls do not perish with the body, may you rest in peace!”
“With many it will be as with men who have no name or fame: they will be buried in oblivion. But Agricola’s story is set on record for posterity, and he will live.”
1,288 words | © James LaFond
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