[Reflections on Weston’s Plantation suggest, as he noted in his foreword, that the wrong people were bound and enslaved by Weston, an absentee planter. The huge disadvantage of the English was a lack of women, who the Indians relied upon for most labor, the warriors only hunting, fishing and fighting. Another problem for the English was an inability to hunt at all, no experience fishing, as those men were obviously put to work on the fishing fleet nearby. The slaves of Weston were nott too lazy to chop wood and do carpentry work for the Indians, with, it seems, a number of sailors, urban men, in the plantation. There may have been a lack of swimming ability among the English, rendering them fearful of the shell fish harvest and fishing, which, as shall be noted, was detailed to certain able men. Squanto, in the end, was right about the English bringing disease, with Indians and English claiming the plague as God’s work. Perhaps the best use of the urban slaves rounded up and shipped off, a mere 55 men, was that their poor diet and general ill health, coming from one of the disease capitals of Europe, made them excellent bio weapons. One might consider Winslow’s document, especially in chapter 5, as an apology to The King for killing Indians. It was the sentiment of the kings of Spain, France and England, that native peoples not be killed, but turned into Christian subjects of the Christian king.]

Chapter 6

OF THE FIRST ALLOTMENT OF LANDS, AND THE DISTRESSED STATE OF THE COLONY.

April. 1623

The month of April being now come, on all hands we began to prepare for corn. And because there was no corn left before this time, save that was preserved for seed, being also hopeless of relief by supply, we thought best to leave off all other works, and prosecute that as most necessary. And because there was no small hope of doing good, in that common course of labor that formerly we were in; for that the governors, that followed men to their labors, had nothing to give men for their necessities, and therefore could not so well exercise that command over them therein, as formerly they had done;

[The “governors” here operate as overseers, whip I hand todrive men to their work. How different this colony is from that depicted in American History texts.]

especially considering that self-love wherewith every man, in a measure more or less, loveth and preferreth his own good before his neighbour’s,

[This is the central tenet of Saint Augustine of Hippo’s On Christian Doctrine, which was an old Epicurian view that found its way into Christianity, and was much adhered to by English protestants of the 1600s.]

and also the base disposition of some drones, that, as at other times, so now especially would be most burdenous to the rest; it was therefore thought best that every man should use the best diligence he could for his own preservation, both in respect of the time present, and to prepare his own corn for the year following; and bring in a competent portion for the maintenance of public officers, fishermen, &c., which could not be freed from their calling without greater inconveniences.

[Team work is abandoned, with slaves referred to as drones, and free men all finding for themselves even as they are being taxed by the governors charged with driving them to work.]

This course was to continue till harvest, and then the governors to gather in the appointed portion, for the maintenance of themselves and such others as necessity constrained to exempt from this condition. Only if occasion served, upon any special service they might employ such as they thought most fit to execute the same, during this appointed time, and at the end thereof all men to be employed by them in such service as they thought most necessary for the general good.

[This sounds like a communist nightmare.]

And because there is great difference in the ground, that therefore a set quantity should be set down for a person, and each man to have his fall by lot, as being most just and equal, and against which no man could except.

At a general meeting of the company, many courses were propounded, but this approved and followed, as being the most likely for the present and future good of the company; and therefore before this month began to prepare our ground against seed-time.

July. 1623

In the midst of April we began to set, the weather being then seasonable, which much encouraged us, giving us good hopes of after plenty. The setting season is good till the latter end of May. But it pleased God, for our further chastisement, to send a great drought, insomuch as in six weeks after the latter setting there scarce fell any rain; so that the stalk of that was first set began to send forth the ear, before it came to half growth, and that which was later not like to yield any at all, both blade and stalk hanging the head, and changing the color in such manner, as we judged it utterly dead. Our beans also ran not up according to their wonted manner, but stood at a stay, many being parched away, as though they had been scorched before the fire. Now were our hopes overthrown, and we discouraged, our joy being turned into mourning.

To add also to this sorrowful estate in which we were, we heard of a supply that was sent unto us many months since, which having two repulses before, was a third time in company of another ship three hundred leagues at sea, and now in three months time heard no further of her; only the signs of a wreck were seen on the coast, which could not be judged to be any other than the same.

[Repulses would be attempts to anchor, frustrated by weather.]

So that at once God seemed to deprive us of all future hopes. The most courageous were now discouraged, because God, which hitherto had been our only shield and supporter, now seemed in his anger to arm himself against us. And who can withstand the fierceness of his wrath?

These and the like considerations moved not only every good man privately to enter into examination with his own estate between God and his conscience, and so to humiliation before him, but also more solemnly to humble ourselves together before the Lord by fasting and prayer. To that end a day was appointed by public authority, and set apart from all other employments; hoping that the same God, which had stirred us up hereunto, would be moved hereby in mercy to look down upon us, and grant the request of our dejected souls, if our continuance there might any way stand with his glory and our good. But Oh the mercy of our God! who was as ready to hear, as we to ask; for though in the morning, when we assembled together, the heavens were as clear, and the drought as like to continue as ever it was, yet, (our exercise continuing some eight or nine hours,) before our departure, the weather was overcast, the clouds gathered together on all sides, and on the next morning distilled such soft, sweet, and moderate showers of rain, continuing some fourteen days, and mixed with such seasonable weather, as it was hard to say whether our withered corn or drooping affections were most quickened or revived; such was the bounty and goodness of our God.

[The Indians had similar rituals for calling on Heaven for rain.]

Of this the Indians, by means of Hobbamock, took notice; who being then in the town, and this exercise in the midst of the week, said, It was but three days since Sunday; and therefore demanded of a boy, what was the reason thereof.

[A boy means slave. If he were the son of a freeman, his name and father would be give. No wonder there is no collective memory of the millions of European slave who died planting this land. For even in their life time, they warranted not a name in this document that was a news dispatch.]

Which when he knew, and saw what effects followed thereupon, he and all of them admired the goodness of our God towards us, that wrought so great a change in so short a time; showing the difference between their conjuration, and our invocation on the name of God for rain; theirs being mixed with such storms and tempests, as sometimes, instead of doing them good, it layeth the corn flat on the ground, to their prejudice; but ours in so gentle and seasonable a manner, as they never observed the like.

[Winslow, three times writes “Our God,” as per Paul in the tempest off Sicily, and suggests that the Indians prayed to a wicked god, which also had powers, but of nefarious nature.]

At the same time Captain Standish, being formerly employed by the Governor to buy provisions for the refreshing of the Colony, returned with the same, accompanied with one Mr. David Tomson, a Scotchman, who also that spring began a plantation twenty-five leagues northeast from us, near Smith’s isles, at a place called Pascatoquack, where he liketh well. Now also heard we of the third repulse that our supply had, of their safe, though dangerous, return into England, and of their preparation to come to us. So that having these many signs of God’s favor and acceptation, we thought it would be great ingratitude, if secretly we should smother up the same, or content ourselves with private thanksgiving for that, which by private prayer could not be obtained. And therefore another solemn day was set apart and appointed for that end; wherein we returned glory, honor, and praise, with all thankfulness, to our good God, which dealt so graciously with us; whose name for these and all other his mercies towards his church, and chosen ones, by them be blessed and praised, now and evermore. Amen.

[“In this New Isrаel in these goings down of the sun,” written 52 years later by Increase Mather, was the inspiration for this final series of Plantation America books. It is crucial to note that English American Christians saw themselves as the real Jеws, the new Chosen People.]

In the latter end of July, and the beginning of August, came two ships with supply unto us; who brought all their passengers, except one, in health, who recovered in short time; who, also, notwithstanding all our wants and hardship, blessed be God! found not any one sick person amongst us at the Plantation. The bigger ship, called the Anne, was hired, and there again freighted back; from whence we set sail the 10th of September. The lesser, called the Little James, was built for the company at their charge. She was now also fitted for trade and discovery to the southward of Cape Cod, and almost ready to set sail; whom I pray God to bless in her good and lawful proceedings.

[This Colonial Company, funded by a consortium of merchants, was much better funded than more southerly undertakings. This fact has been omitted among academics concerned as to why New England thrived more than Virginia, Maryland and the Carolinas. This “merchant” mind set of New England would come to dominate American culture down to our day. ]